The Ran Samvad 2025 extensively discussed lessons from Operation Sindoor, a tri-service operation in May 2025 targeting terror infrastructure in Pakistan and Pakistan-Occupied Kashmir (PoK) following the Pahalgam terror attack (April 22, 2025). Key points included:

•  Air Power as Primary Option: CDS General Anil Chauhan and Air Chief Marshal A.P. Singh highlighted air power’s shift from a supporting role to India’s primary kinetic option, demonstrated by precision strikes within a 23-minute window.

•  BVR and Stand-Off Capabilities: Operation Sindoor showcased India’s use of BrahMos, SCALP, Rampage, and Crystal Maze missiles, achieving strikes at 250–450 km ranges and neutralizing Chinese HQ-9 air defence systems. The integration of Russia’s R-37M hypersonic missile and indigenous Astra missile (with RF seeker) was noted as a game-changer.

• Drone Warfare: Over 1,000 drones, including Israeli Harop, Harpy, and indigenous Nagastra-1, were used, marking South Asia’s first formal drone war. The Bhargavastra counter-drone system was tested successfully to counter swarm attacks.