The Combined Commanders’ Conference (CCC) 2025, held in Kolkata from September 15-18. Chaired by Prime Minister Narendra Modi and addressed by Defence Minister Rajnath Singh, focused on “Year of Reforms - Transformation for the Future.” It emphasized jointness, integration, self-reliance (Aatmanirbharta), and innovation (the “JAI” mantra) amid global uncertainties, regional instability, and multi-domain threats like cyber, space, and unconventional warfare (e.g., information, ideological, ecological, and biological domains). Outcomes included strategic roadmaps for the next 5-10 years, with a focus on theatre commands, surge capacity for prolonged conflicts, and deeper civil-military fusion.